Since ancient times the site which is now the city of Anduze has been occupied by many different civilizations.
From prehistory there remain megalithic tombs (that of La Grande Pallière, for example), standing stones and even a few rare examples of cupules (rocks with pictures carved in the stone).

The rock, on the side of which the city was built, has on its summit the remains of a Gallic settlement, as well as those of a Roman military camp.

It is because of its strategic position of defence that the rock of Saint-Julien was chosen as a suitable place to establish a settlement, which gradually developed and spread out towards the banks of the Gardon river.
In the XIIth century, the Lords of Anduze were the most powerful in the Languedoc.

By the XVIth century, the city had more than 7,000 inhabitants living within its walls. This explains the complexity of its network of streets and lanes.